ANCESTRAL EXPOSURE TO ENDOSULFAN AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

Abstract

Endosulfan is a persistent organochlorine insecticide that has been associated with neurological, developmental and reproductive effects. Concern regarding its effects on human health has increased because exposure may occur through occupational activities, contaminated food, environmental residues and maternal-fetal transfer. The present study analytically examines the available evidence up to 2016 concerning the relationship between endosulfan exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes, with particular attention to developmental and potential intergenerational implications. The study is based on secondary information obtained from peer-reviewed research articles, toxicological studies, epidemiological investigations and scientific reports published up to December 2016. The available literature indicates that developmental exposure to endosulfan can affect neurotransmitter systems, neuronal development and neurobehavioral functions in experimental models. Studies in mice have demonstrated alterations in GABAergic, glutamatergic and dopaminergic pathways following exposure during gestation and lactation. Human evidence available up to 2016 was more limited but suggested associations between organochlorine pesticide exposure, including endosulfan, and certain developmental outcomes. A 2016 case-control study reported higher endosulfan concentrations among mothers and neonates associated with neural tube defects. However, the available evidence was insufficient to establish a definitive causal relationship between ancestral endosulfan exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders. The study concludes that developmental exposure represents an important area of environmental-health concern and that further longitudinal and multigenerational research is required.