International Journal of arts, commerce & education
Welcome to the International Journal of Arts, Commerce & Education (IJACE) The International Journal of Arts, Commerce & Education (IJACE), a distinguished, peer-reviewed, and open-access academic journal dedicated to fostering excellence in research and scholarship across the interdisciplinary domains of arts, commerce, and education. The journal serves as a global platform for academicians, researchers, educators, and industry professionals to publish high-quality, original, and impactful research. The International Journal of Arts, Commerce & Education (IJACE) is committed to promoting innovative thinking, critical analysis, and contemporary research that addresses emerging trends and challenges in the modern academic and professional landscape. By encouraging interdisciplinary dialogue, the journal aims to bridge the gap between theory and practice and contribute meaningfully to the advancement of knowledge. The primary aim of the International Journal of Arts, Commerce & Education (IJACE) is to provide a credible and dynamic forum for the dissemination of scholarly work that contributes to academic development and societal progress. The journal seeks to encourage interdisciplinary and collaborative research, promote originality and critical inquiry, support researchers in sharing their work globally, maintain high standards of academic integrity and publication ethics, and facilitate knowledge exchange among scholars, educators, and practitioners. The International Journal of Arts, Commerce & Education (IJACE) welcomes contributions from a broad range of disciplines including arts and humanities, commerce, business and management studies, economics, accounting and finance, education and pedagogy, social and behavioral sciences, and other emerging interdisciplinary areas. The journal particularly encourages research that integrates multiple disciplines and provides both theoretical and practical insights. Publishing with the International Journal of Arts, Commerce & Education (IJACE) ensures academic visibility, credibility, and global recognition. The journal follows a rigorous and transparent peer-review process, is supported by an experienced international editorial board, and maintains a quality-focused publication system. As an open-access journal, it ensures that all published research is freely accessible worldwide, promoting wider dissemination and impact while upholding strong ethical publishing standards. The International Journal of Arts, Commerce & Education (IJACE) invites researchers, scholars, academicians, and professionals to submit their original and unpublished manuscripts for upcoming issues. Submissions demonstrating scholarly excellence, methodological rigor, and practical relevance are highly encouraged. Join IJACE in its mission to advance knowledge, inspire innovation, and contribute to the global academic community.
शिक्षित विवाहित कार्यरत महिलाओं में पारिवारिक एवं कार्यस्थलीय भूमिका-द्वंद्व का समाजशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण
आधुनिक भारतीय समाज में महिलाओं की शिक्षा, आर्थिक सक्रियता तथा व्यावसायिक भागीदारी में उल्लेखनीय वृद्धि हुई है। इसके बावजूद घरेलू कार्य, बच्चों की देखभाल, बुजुर्गों की सेवा तथा पारिवारिक संबंधों के निर्वहन को मुख्यतः महिलाओं का दायित्व माना जाता है। परिणामस्वरूप शिक्षित विवाहित कार्यरत महिलाएँ एक ही समय में पत्नी, माता, गृह-प्रबंधक, कर्मचारी तथा सामाजिक सदस्य की अनेक भूमिकाएँ निभाती हैं। जब पारिवारिक और व्यावसायिक भूमिकाओं से संबंधित अपेक्षाएँ परस्पर विरोधी हो जाती हैं, तब भूमिका-द्वंद्व उत्पन्न होता है। प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र का उद्देश्य शिक्षित विवाहित कार्यरत महिलाओं के पारिवारिक एवं कार्यस्थलीय भूमिका-द्वंद्व की प्रकृति, कारणों, प्रकारों तथा प्रभावों का समाजशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण करना है। यह अध्ययन वर्णनात्मक एवं विश्लेषणात्मक प्रकृति का है तथा इसमें प्रकाशित शोध-अध्ययनों, सरकारी प्रतिवेदनों और प्रासंगिक सैद्धांतिक साहित्य का उपयोग किया गया है। विश्लेषण से ज्ञात होता है कि भूमिका-द्वंद्व केवल समय की कमी से उत्पन्न होने वाली व्यक्तिगत समस्या नहीं है, बल्कि इसका संबंध लैंगिक श्रम-विभाजन, पारिवारिक अपेक्षाओं, मातृत्व संबंधी उत्तरदायित्वों, कार्यस्थलीय दबाव, कार्य के लंबे घंटों और अपर्याप्त संस्थागत सहयोग से है। अध्ययन का निष्कर्ष है कि पति एवं परिवार का सहयोग, घरेलू दायित्वों का समान वितरण, संवेदनशील संगठनात्मक नीतियाँ और महिलाओं को निर्णय लेने की स्वतंत्रता भूमिका-द्वंद्व को कम कर सकती हैं।
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किशोरों में अवसाद के सामाजिक एवं शैक्षणिक निर्धारक, शैक्षणिक तनाव, साथियों के दबाव और सामाजिक-आर्थिक एवं लैंगिक अंतरों का विश्लेषण
किशोरावस्था जैविक, संज्ञानात्मक, भावनात्मक और सामाजिक पुनर्गठन का वह चरण है जिसमें विद्यालय, परिवार, साथियों का समूह और व्यापक सामाजिक संरचनाएँ मानसिक स्वास्थ्य पर एक साथ प्रभाव डालती हैं। अवसाद को केवल व्यक्ति की आंतरिक कमजोरी या जैविक संवेदनशीलता के रूप में समझना इसलिए अधूरा है; किशोरों में अवसादग्रस्त लक्षण अक्सर उच्च शैक्षणिक अपेक्षाओं, परीक्षा-केंद्रित प्रतिस्पर्धा, साथियों द्वारा तुलना या बहिष्करण, पारिवारिक आर्थिक दबाव, सामाजिक प्रतिष्ठा से जुड़ी उपलब्धि की अपेक्षाओं तथा लैंगिक मानदंडों के संयुक्त प्रभाव में विकसित होते हैं। विश्व स्वास्थ्य संगठन के अनुसार विश्व स्तर पर 10–19 वर्ष आयु के लगभग प्रत्येक सात में से एक किशोर किसी मानसिक विकार का अनुभव करता है और अवसाद किशोरों में बीमारी एवं अक्षमता के प्रमुख कारणों में शामिल है (WHO, 2024)। भारतीय संदर्भ में मानसिक स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं की कमी, कलंक, कम सहायता-खोज व्यवहार और विद्यालयी परामर्श की असमान उपलब्धता इन जोखिमों को और जटिल बनाती है (UNICEF India, 2024)। यह शोध-पत्र किसी नए प्राथमिक सर्वेक्षण का दावा नहीं करता, बल्कि 2013–2024 के चयनित व्यवस्थित समीक्षाओं, मेटा-विश्लेषणों, भारतीय विद्यालय-आधारित अध्ययनों और आधिकारिक नीतिगत स्रोतों का विश्लेषणात्मक संश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। विश्लेषण चार मुख्य निर्धारकों—शैक्षणिक तनाव, साथियों के दबाव/पीयर-विक्टिमाइज़ेशन, सामाजिक-आर्थिक स्थिति और लैंगिक अंतर—पर केंद्रित है। उपलब्ध प्रमाण दिखाते हैं कि शैक्षणिक दबाव और मानसिक स्वास्थ्य समस्याओं के बीच संबंध व्यापक है; 52 अध्ययनों की एक व्यवस्थित समीक्षा में 48 अध्ययनों ने शैक्षणिक दबाव या शैक्षणिक वर्ष की समय-संरचना और कम-से-कम एक मानसिक स्वास्थ्य परिणाम के बीच सकारात्मक संबंध पाया (Steare et al., 2023)। भारत में मणिपुर के 861 विद्यार्थियों के अध्ययन में शैक्षणिक तनाव अवसादग्रस्त लक्षणों का महत्वपूर्ण पूर्वानुमानक था और मॉडल ने लगभग एक-तिहाई परिवर्तनशीलता समझाई (Khumanlambam et al., 2024)। साथियों के स्तर पर 27 अध्ययनों के मेटा-विश्लेषण ने पीयर-विक्टिमाइज़ेशन को अवसाद के अधिक जोखिम से जोड़ा, और प्रभाव एशियाई अध्ययनों तथा महिलाओं में अधिक स्पष्ट था (Song et al., 2024)। सामाजिक-आर्थिक विषमता प्रत्यक्ष आर्थिक अभाव से आगे बढ़कर संसाधन, पोषण, सुरक्षित अध्ययन-स्थान, डिजिटल पहुँच, अभिभावकीय समय, विद्यालय की गुणवत्ता और मानसिक स्वास्थ्य सेवा तक पहुँच को प्रभावित करती है। वहीं लैंगिकता जोखिम के प्रकार, उनकी सामाजिक व्याख्या और सहायता-खोज की शैली को आकार देती है: कई अध्ययनों में लड़कियों में अवसादग्रस्त लक्षण अधिक पाए गए, जबकि कुछ भारतीय नमूनों में लड़कों में ग्रेड-संबंधी चिंता या प्रदर्शन-केंद्रित तनाव अधिक पाया गया। अतः “लड़कियाँ अधिक संवेदनशील” या “गरीबी से अवसाद होता है” जैसे सरल निष्कर्ष पर्याप्त नहीं हैं। अधिक उपयुक्त व्याख्या यह है कि सामाजिक संरचनाएँ जोखिम के संपर्क, नियंत्रण की अनुभूति, सामाजिक समर्थन और निपटने के अवसरों का वितरण असमान बनाती हैं। यह लेख विद्यालय-स्तरीय मानसिक स्वास्थ्य संवर्धन, परीक्षा एवं मूल्यांकन सुधार, प्रशिक्षित काउंसलर, सहायक पीयर-नेटवर्क, अभिभावक शिक्षा, सामाजिक सुरक्षा और लैंगिक-संवेदनशील हस्तक्षेपों के समन्वित मॉडल की अनुशंसा करता है।
SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION APPROACHES: AN ANALYTICAL ASSESSMENT
Natural resources constitute the fundamental basis of human survival, economic development and ecological stability. Forests, water, land, minerals, biodiversity and energy resources provide essential inputs for agriculture, industry, livelihoods and human settlements. However, rapid population growth, urbanisation, industrialisation, agricultural expansion, increasing consumption and inappropriate patterns of resource utilisation have placed considerable pressure on natural ecosystems. The degradation of natural resources has resulted in deforestation, soil erosion, groundwater depletion, biodiversity loss, pollution and deterioration of ecosystem services. Against this background, the present study examines the concept of sustainable natural resource management and evaluates major conservation approaches from an analytical perspective. The study is based exclusively on secondary information obtained from books, peer-reviewed research papers, government publications and reports of international organisations published up to 2017. The study analyses sustainable utilisation, forest conservation, water management, biodiversity conservation, land management, community participation, renewable energy and environmental governance as major approaches to natural resource conservation. The analysis suggests that effective conservation requires an integrated approach combining ecological sustainability with economic efficiency and social participation. Community-based resource management, institutional cooperation, technological development and appropriate regulatory mechanisms can significantly improve conservation outcomes. The study concludes that sustainable management of natural resources is essential not only for environmental protection but also for livelihood security, economic development and intergenerational equity.
Copyright (c) 2018 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANCESTRAL EXPOSURE TO ENDOSULFAN AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Endosulfan is a persistent organochlorine insecticide that has been associated with neurological, developmental and reproductive effects. Concern regarding its effects on human health has increased because exposure may occur through occupational activities, contaminated food, environmental residues and maternal-fetal transfer. The present study analytically examines the available evidence up to 2016 concerning the relationship between endosulfan exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes, with particular attention to developmental and potential intergenerational implications. The study is based on secondary information obtained from peer-reviewed research articles, toxicological studies, epidemiological investigations and scientific reports published up to December 2016. The available literature indicates that developmental exposure to endosulfan can affect neurotransmitter systems, neuronal development and neurobehavioral functions in experimental models. Studies in mice have demonstrated alterations in GABAergic, glutamatergic and dopaminergic pathways following exposure during gestation and lactation. Human evidence available up to 2016 was more limited but suggested associations between organochlorine pesticide exposure, including endosulfan, and certain developmental outcomes. A 2016 case-control study reported higher endosulfan concentrations among mothers and neonates associated with neural tube defects. However, the available evidence was insufficient to establish a definitive causal relationship between ancestral endosulfan exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders. The study concludes that developmental exposure represents an important area of environmental-health concern and that further longitudinal and multigenerational research is required.
MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE APPROACHES
Natural resources are fundamental to human survival, economic development, ecological stability, and social well-being. Forests, water, land, minerals, biodiversity, and energy resources provide essential inputs for agriculture, industry, domestic consumption, and ecosystem functioning. However, rapid population growth, urbanisation, industrialisation, unsustainable consumption, deforestation, pollution, climate change, and excessive exploitation have placed increasing pressure on natural resources. The present study examines the management and conservation of natural resources with particular emphasis on sustainable approaches. The study is based on secondary information obtained from government reports, international organisations, research publications, environmental databases, and policy documents. It analyses major challenges associated with natural resource management and evaluates conservation approaches such as sustainable resource utilisation, watershed management, afforestation, biodiversity conservation, renewable energy adoption, waste management, community participation, technological innovation, and environmental governance. The study argues that effective conservation cannot depend solely on governmental regulation; rather, it requires an integrated framework involving communities, industries, researchers, civil society, and policymakers. The analysis indicates that sustainable natural resource management requires a balance between economic development, environmental protection, and social equity. Strengthening institutions, promoting resource-efficient technologies, improving environmental awareness, and encouraging participatory management can contribute significantly to long-term resource security. The study concludes that sustainable management and conservation of natural resources are essential for achieving ecological resilience, inclusive development, and intergenerational equity.
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ऑनलाइन शॉपिंग में उपभोक्ता व्यवहार को प्रभावित करने वाले प्रमुख कारक: एक अध्ययन
इंटरनेट, स्मार्टफोन और डिजिटल तकनीक के तीव्र विकास ने उपभोक्ताओं के खरीदारी व्यवहार में महत्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन उत्पन्न किए हैं। ऑनलाइन शॉपिंग ने उपभोक्ताओं को उत्पादों एवं सेवाओं की विस्तृत विविधता, मूल्य तुलना, सुविधा, समय की बचत तथा घर बैठे खरीदारी जैसी सुविधाएँ प्रदान की हैं। इसके साथ ही ऑनलाइन खरीदारी से संबंधित जोखिम, भुगतान सुरक्षा, गोपनीयता, वेबसाइट की विश्वसनीयता, उत्पाद की गुणवत्ता तथा डिलीवरी से संबंधित चिंताएँ भी उपभोक्ता निर्णय को प्रभावित करती हैं। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का उद्देश्य ऑनलाइन शॉपिंग में उपभोक्ता व्यवहार को प्रभावित करने वाले प्रमुख कारकों का विश्लेषण करना है। अध्ययन मुख्यतः द्वितीयक आंकड़ों एवं 2017 तक उपलब्ध शोध साहित्य पर आधारित है। अध्ययन में उपभोक्ता विश्वास, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived risk, कीमत, सुविधा, वेबसाइट की गुणवत्ता, सूचना की उपलब्धता, सामाजिक प्रभाव, भुगतान सुरक्षा तथा after-sales service जैसे कारकों का विश्लेषण किया गया है। उपलब्ध साहित्य से यह स्पष्ट होता है कि ऑनलाइन खरीदारी का निर्णय केवल आर्थिक लाभ पर निर्भर नहीं करता, बल्कि उपभोक्ता के विश्वास, तकनीकी अनुभव, जोखिम की धारणा तथा वेबसाइट के अनुभव से भी प्रभावित होता है। अध्ययन यह निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत करता है कि ऑनलाइन खुदरा विक्रेताओं को सुरक्षित भुगतान व्यवस्था, पारदर्शी सूचना, विश्वसनीय customer reviews, बेहतर वेबसाइट usability तथा प्रभावी ग्राहक सेवा पर विशेष ध्यान देना चाहिए।
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A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE ROLE OF MOBILE PHONES IN ENHANCING ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Mobile phones have become an important part of university students’ academic life. In the present time, students use mobile phones not only for communication but also for study-related activities such as online classes, assignment preparation, academic discussion, digital reading, information searching, and examination preparation. The present descriptive study focuses on the role of mobile phones in enhancing academic activities among university students. Mobile phones help students access study material, communicate with teachers, participate in online learning, and remain connected with academic work beyond classroom hours. They also support self-learning, collaborative learning, and quick access to educational resources. However, the study also highlights that mobile phones may create problems such as distraction, excessive screen time, dependence on online material, and misuse of social media. Therefore, the academic value of mobile phones depends on responsible, disciplined, and purpose-based use. The study concludes that mobile phones can enhance academic activities among university students when they are used mainly for learning, communication, and academic development.
Copyright (c) 2019 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A COMPARISON OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUNDS IN INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM SPORT ATHLETES
This study explores the socio-economic backgrounds of athletes in individual and team sports, examining how factors such as family income, education, and social class influence their participation, training opportunities, and overall performance. By comparing athletes from both categories, the research highlights distinct disparities in access to resources, coaching, and support systems that shape the trajectory of their sports careers. The study reveals that individual sport athletes, often requiring a high level of personal investment, may face unique financial and social challenges, while team sport athletes benefit from a more collective support structure, but still encounter socio-economic hurdles. The findings underscore the importance of understanding these socio-economic factors in fostering equitable opportunities for athletes across different disciplines.
A STUDY ON ACADEMIC SELF-CONCEPT AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Academic self-concept is an important psychological factor that influences how adolescents think about their academic abilities, learning capacity, classroom performance, and future achievement. It refers to students’ perception of themselves as learners. Adolescence is a sensitive stage of development because students experience physical, emotional, social, and educational changes during this period. Their beliefs about their academic ability may affect their motivation, confidence, participation, study habits, and academic achievement. The present descriptive study focuses on academic self-concept among adolescents. It explains the meaning, nature, dimensions, importance, influencing factors, and educational relevance of academic self-concept. The study also highlights the role of family, teachers, peers, school environment, achievement experiences, and comparison with classmates in shaping academic self-concept. A positive academic self-concept helps adolescents become confident, motivated, and active learners, while a negative academic self-concept may lead to fear of failure, low participation, academic stress, and poor performance. Therefore, this study is useful for understanding the academic behaviour of adolescents and for suggesting ways to improve their confidence and learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON LIBRARY USE HABITS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
The library is an important academic resource in university education because it supports reading, self-study, assignment preparation, research work, and examination preparation. In the present digital age, university students use both physical and digital library resources. However, their library use habits differ according to their academic needs, awareness, time availability, reading interest, and access to electronic resources. The present descriptive study focuses on library use habits among university students. It examines how often students visit the library, the purposes for which they use it, the types of resources they prefer, their awareness of library services, and the difficulties they face while using the library. The study is descriptive in nature because it attempts to describe the existing pattern of library use without manipulating any variable. The study is useful for understanding students’ academic behaviour and for improving library services according to their needs. A well-used library can improve students’ learning habits, information literacy, independent study skills, and academic confidence. Therefore, the study highlights the importance of student-friendly library facilities, digital access, orientation programmes, and librarian support in higher education.
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT AND STUDENT LEARNING
Classroom environment is an important factor in the learning process of students. It includes physical conditions, teacher behaviour, student interaction, classroom discipline, emotional climate, teaching methods, and availability of learning resources. A positive classroom environment helps students feel safe, motivated, confident, and interested in learning. On the other hand, a poor classroom environment may create fear, disturbance, lack of attention, and low academic participation. The present descriptive study focuses on classroom environment and student learning. It describes how different aspects of the classroom, such as seating arrangement, teacher-student relationship, peer interaction, classroom management, teaching aids, and emotional support, influence students’ learning experiences. The study is descriptive in nature because it explains the existing condition of classroom environment and its role in student learning. This topic is important because effective learning does not depend only on textbooks and examinations. It also depends on how students experience the classroom daily. A supportive, disciplined, and student-friendly classroom can improve participation, attention, academic confidence, and overall learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UNDERSTANDING POLITICAL IMAGE BUILDING THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA
The rapid growth of social media platforms has transformed the landscape of political communication, providing politicians and political parties with unprecedented opportunities to shape public perception and build political image. This study explores the role of social media in political image building, focusing on the strategies employed by political figures to create and maintain a positive public image. Through a mixed-method approach combining qualitative content analysis and quantitative surveys, the research examines the effectiveness of different social media platforms, such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, in influencing voter opinions and engagement. The study also investigates how political narratives are constructed, the role of emotional appeals, and the impact of visual content on political image construction. Findings suggest that social media plays a critical role in shaping the political image of leaders by fostering direct communication with the public, enhancing visibility, and enabling real-time reactions to political events. However, the research also highlights the challenges posed by misinformation and the potential for image manipulation. The study concludes by offering recommendations for political communication strategies that can help politicians effectively utilize social media for image management while mitigating the risks of negative public perceptions.
ROLE OF DIGITAL LEARNING IN ENHANCING STUDENT ENGAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION
This descriptive paper explains the role of digital learning in enhancing student engagement in higher education. Digital learning has become an important part of modern education because it provides flexible access to study material, online classes, recorded lectures, digital libraries, discussion platforms, and interactive learning tools. It helps students learn beyond the traditional classroom and supports active participation in academic activities. The paper discusses how digital learning improves student interest, participation, communication, self-learning, and academic performance. It also highlights some challenges, such as lack of internet access, poor digital skills, distraction, and reduced face-to-face interaction. The study concludes that digital learning can improve student engagement when it is used with proper planning, teacher support, and suitable digital resources.
Copyright (c) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
USE OF MOBILE PHONES FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Mobile phones have become an important part of university students’ academic life. Earlier, mobile phones were mainly used for calling and messaging, but now they are used for online classes, searching study material, reading e-books, accessing learning apps, communicating with teachers, joining academic groups, preparing assignments, and submitting academic work. The present study focuses on the use of mobile phones for academic purposes among university students. It highlights how mobile phones support flexible learning, quick access to information, communication, collaboration, and self-study. At the same time, the study also considers problems such as distraction, excessive screen time, social media use, lack of concentration, and unequal access to internet facilities. Mobile learning is now seen as an important part of higher education because it connects formal classroom learning with informal learning outside the classroom. However, mobile phones should be used in a balanced and responsible manner so that they improve academic performance rather than disturb study habits. The study concludes that mobile phones can be useful academic tools when students use them mainly for educational activities and when universities provide proper guidance for their effective use.
This analytical paper examines the importance of academic writing in developing research skills among students in higher education. Academic writing is not only a method of presenting knowledge but also a process through which students learn critical thinking, logical argumentation, source evaluation, citation practices, and structured expression. The paper analyzes how academic writing supports research learning, improves intellectual discipline, and helps students engage with scholarly literature. It also discusses common challenges faced by students, such as poor referencing, lack of clarity, plagiarism, weak argument development, and limited reading habits. The paper concludes that academic writing plays a major role in strengthening research culture and improving the quality of higher education. This analytical paper examines the importance of academic writing in developing research skills among students in higher education. Academic writing is not only a formal method of presenting knowledge, but also an important learning process through which students develop the ability to think, read, analyze, and express ideas in a systematic manner. In higher education, students are expected to move beyond simple description and develop the ability to examine concepts critically, compare different viewpoints, use scholarly sources, and present logical arguments. Academic writing helps students build these skills by encouraging clarity of thought, proper organization of ideas, and evidence-based explanation.
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AND ETHNIC POLITICS IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR: THE IMPACT OF SCHEDULED TRIBE RECOGNITION ON PAHARIS AND GUJJAR-BAKERWALS
Jammu and Kashmir has witnessed complex interactions between ethnicity, identity politics, and affirmative action policies. The recognition of disadvantaged communities under the Scheduled Tribe category has played an important role in shaping political participation, social mobility, and claims for representation. Among the communities affected by these developments, Gujjar-Bakerwals and Paharis occupy a significant position due to their historical presence and socio-political aspirations. This research paper examines the role of affirmative action policies in transforming ethnic politics in Jammu and Kashmir, with particular focus on the impact of Scheduled Tribe recognition on Gujjar-Bakerwals and Paharis. The study explores how constitutional safeguards, reservation policies, and state recognition have influenced identity formation, political mobilisation, and community relations. The paper analyses the historical background of Gujjar-Bakerwals, who received Scheduled Tribe status in 1991, and the Paharis received it in 2024 by the current government. It examines how affirmative action has created opportunities for political empowerment while also generating debates regarding resource distribution, representation, and inter-community relations. The study adopts a qualitative research methodology based on secondary sources including government reports, academic studies, policy documents, and literature on tribal politics and ethnic identity in India. The research argues that affirmative action has contributed significantly to the political inclusion of marginalised communities; however, effective empowerment requires broader socio-economic development and inclusive governance. The study concludes that Scheduled Tribe recognition has become not only a welfare mechanism but also an important factor shaping ethnic politics and political identities in Jammu and Kashmir.
प्रेमचंद के नाटकों का राजनैतिक परिप्रेक्ष्य
हिंदी साहित्य के महान कथाकार मुंशी प्रेमचंद ने जहाँ उपन्यास और कहानियों के माध्यम से समाज को दिशा दी, वहीं उनके नाटक भी सामाजिक चेतना और मानवीय मूल्यों के संवाहक बने। यद्यपि प्रेमचंद का नाटक लेखन सीमित रहा, फिर भी ‘संग्राम’, ‘कर्बला’, और ‘प्रेम की वेदी’ जैसे नाटकों ने साहित्यिक जगत में गहरी छाप छोड़ी। मुंशी प्रेमचंद ने अपने नाटकों के माध्यम से सामाजिक यथार्थ, ऐतिहासिक चेतना और मानवीय संवेदनाओं को अत्यंत प्रभावशाली ढंग से प्रस्तुत किया है। यद्यपि वे मूलतः कथाकार थे, फिर भी उनके नाटक साहित्यिक दृष्टि से महत्वपूर्ण हैं। प्रेमचंद ने अपने पात्रों का चुनाव जीवन के प्रत्येक क्षेत्र से किया है, किंतु उनकी दृष्टि समाज से उपेक्षित वर्ग की ओर अधिक रहा है। प्रेमचंद ने आदर्शोन्मुख यथार्थवाद को अपनाया है। उनके पात्र प्रायः उपेक्षित वर्ग के प्रतिनिधि रूप में सामने आते हैं। घटनाओं ने विकास के साथ-साथ उनकी रचनाओं में पात्रों के चरित्र का भी विकास होता चलता है। उनके कथोपकथन मनोवैज्ञानिक होते हैं। प्रेमचंद सच्चे समाज सुधारक और क्रांतिकारी लेखक थे। उन्होंने अपनी विभिन्न कृतियों में अनेकों बार दहेज, बेमेल विवाह आदि का सबल विरोध किया है। नारी के प्रति उनके मन में स्वाभाविक श्रद्धा थी। समाज में उपेक्षिता, अपमानिता और पतिता स्त्रियों के प्रति उनके साहित्य लेखन में सहानुभूति स्पष्ट रूप से दिखाई देती है।
बलरामपुर जिले के ग्रामीण उच्चतर माध्यमिक विद्यार्थियों की वाणिज्य विषय के प्रति रुचि एवं जिज्ञासा का लिंग के आधार पर तुलनात्मक अध्ययन
प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का उद्देश्य बलरामपुर जिले के ग्रामीण उच्चतर माध्यमिक विद्यालयों में कक्षा 11वीं के वाणिज्य संकाय में अध्ययनरत छात्र एवं छात्राओं की वाणिज्य विषय के प्रति रुचि तथा जिज्ञासा का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन करना है। अध्ययन में वर्णनात्मक सर्वेक्षण विधि का प्रयोग किया गया। स्तरीकृत यादृच्छिक न्यादर्श विधि द्वारा कुल 800 विद्यार्थियों का चयन किया गया, जिनमें 400 छात्र तथा 400 छात्राएँ सम्मिलित थीं। वाणिज्य विषय के प्रति रुचि का निर्धारण अर्थशास्त्र, लेखाशास्त्र एवं व्यवसाय अध्ययन में प्राप्त अंकों के औसत के आधार पर किया गया, जबकि जिज्ञासा के मापन हेतु डॉ. राजीव कुमार द्वारा निर्मित जिज्ञासा मापनी का प्रयोग किया गया। आँकड़ों के विश्लेषण हेतु माध्य, मानक विचलन तथा स्वतंत्र समूह t-परीक्षण का उपयोग किया गया। परिणामों में छात्राओं की रुचि एवं जिज्ञासा दोनों का माध्य छात्रों की तुलना में अधिक पाया गया। प्राप्त t-मूल्य क्रमशः 6.54 एवं 5.24 रहे, जो 0.05 सार्थकता स्तर के सारणीमान 1.96 से अधिक हैं। अतः दोनों शून्य परिकल्पनाएँ अस्वीकृत की गईं।
EXPLORING FEMININE VOICE AND RESISTANCE IN SHASHI DESHPANDE’S NARRATIVES
Indian English literature has consistently engaged with the complex realities of women’s lives, particularly the ways in which patriarchal social structures silence female voices within domestic, cultural, and emotional spaces. Among the significant feminist texts emerging from this literary tradition, Shashi Deshpande’s That Long Silence occupies a distinguished position for its profound exploration of feminine consciousness, emotional suppression, and the quest for selfhood. The novel presents the inner journey of Jaya, an educated middle-class Indian woman who struggles to negotiate the conflicting demands of marriage, motherhood, social conformity, and individual identity within a male-dominated social order. Rather than portraying oppression only through overt violence or external control, Deshpande reveals how silence itself becomes a deeply internalized mechanism through which women are conditioned to suppress desire, anger, creativity, and individuality in order to preserve familial harmony and social respectability. This study examines the multilayered significance of silence in the novel, demonstrating how it functions simultaneously as an instrument of patriarchal domination and as a latent space from which resistance gradually emerges. Jaya’s silence is not merely the absence of speech; it reflects years of emotional compromise, psychological fragmentation, and inherited cultural conditioning that demand female submission and self-effacement. However, through introspection, memory, narration, and self-analysis, Jaya slowly begins to recognize the destructive consequences of her muteness and moves toward reclaiming her identity and voice. The novel therefore interrogates patriarchal assumptions that normalize women’s invisibility and emotional erasure within marriage and family life. Furthermore, the narrative critically explores themes such as marital power relations, gendered identity formation, emotional alienation, feminine subjectivity, and narrative self-assertion. Deshpande employs psychological realism and stream-of-consciousness techniques to transform the personal struggles of Jaya into a larger commentary on the silencing of women across generations. The study ultimately argues that That Long Silence redefines silence not as passive endurance alone, but as a dynamic and politically charged space capable of generating feminist awareness, self-realization, and resistance. By foregrounding the necessity of female articulation and emotional truth, the novel powerfully affirms that the reclamation of voice is essential not only for personal liberation but also for broader social and cultural transformation.
Dr. Priya Shrivastava (Assistant Professor)
ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMOELECTRIC PERFORMANCE AND STABILITY OF Bi₂Te₃, SnSe, AND DOPED OXIDE ALLOYS UNDER CHHATTISGARH-SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
Thermoelectric materials convert a temperature difference directly into electrical power, but a material with a high laboratory figure of merit is not automatically the best material for a real industrial environment. This paper analytically compares Bi₂Te₃-based alloys, SnSe, and representative doped oxide thermoelectrics for deployment under Chhattisgarh-specific thermal and environmental conditions. The study uses a descriptive-analytical physics design based on peer-reviewed transport data, stability studies, India Meteorological Department climatology, and the industrial profile of Chhattisgarh. Performance is compared through the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, power factor, dimensionless figure of merit zT, temperature matching, and a stability-oriented screening framework. Bi₂Te₃-based alloys remain the strongest candidate for near-ambient and low-grade waste-heat recovery, with nanostructured p-type Bi-Sb-Te reporting a peak zT of about 1.4 near 373 K. SnSe provides the highest intrinsic high-temperature performance among the materials examined, including a reported zT of 2.6 near 923 K in single crystals; however, anisotropy, brittleness, and oxidation-sensitive surfaces make packaging and sealing decisive. Doped oxides, represented by Tb-doped Ca₃Co₄O₉ and Nb-doped SrTiO₃/YSZ, generally show lower zT but stronger compatibility with hot oxidizing atmospheres. Chhattisgarh’s monsoon humidity, heavy rainfall, dust-bearing industrial sites, repeated start-stop thermal cycling, and large steel, cement, and power sectors create a deployment environment in which long-term stability can reverse the ranking suggested by peak zT alone. The central finding is therefore temperature- and environment-dependent: Bi₂Te₃-based modules are preferred for protected low-temperature recovery; SnSe is attractive for sealed high-grade systems; and doped oxides are the most robust choice for exposed high-temperature oxidizing service. Segmented or cascaded modules are recommended where the temperature span is wide.
हिंदी साहित्य में नारी-चित्रण और समाज सुधार आंदोलनों का प्रभाव: स्त्री अस्मिता, सामाजिक परिवर्तन एवं नारी चेतना का एक आलोचनात्मक अध्ययन
हिंदी साहित्य समाज का दर्पण माना जाता है और समाज में घटित होने वाले सामाजिक, सांस्कृतिक तथा वैचारिक परिवर्तनों का प्रतिबिंब साहित्य में स्पष्ट रूप से दिखाई देता है। भारतीय समाज में नारी की स्थिति समय-समय पर बदलती रही है। उन्नीसवीं एवं बीसवीं शताब्दी के समाज सुधार आंदोलनों ने नारी शिक्षा, विधवा पुनर्विवाह, बाल विवाह निषेध, स्त्री अधिकार तथा सामाजिक समानता जैसे मुद्दों को केंद्र में लाकर महिलाओं की स्थिति में महत्वपूर्ण परिवर्तन किए। इन आंदोलनों का प्रभाव हिंदी साहित्य पर भी पड़ा, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप नारी-चित्रण में उल्लेखनीय परिवर्तन देखने को मिलता है। प्रस्तुत शोध-पत्र में हिंदी साहित्य में नारी-चित्रण के विकास, स्त्री अस्मिता, नारी चेतना तथा समाज सुधार आंदोलनों के प्रभाव का आलोचनात्मक अध्ययन किया गया है। अध्ययन में ऐतिहासिक, विश्लेषणात्मक एवं आलोचनात्मक पद्धति का उपयोग किया गया है। निष्कर्षतः यह स्पष्ट होता है कि समाज सुधार आंदोलनों ने हिंदी साहित्य में नारी को एक स्वतंत्र, जागरूक एवं संघर्षशील व्यक्तित्व के रूप में स्थापित करने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई।
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ENGAGEMENT, FITNESS, AND HEALTH OUTCOMES AMONG ADOLESCENTS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
Physical inactivity among adolescents has emerged as a significant public health concern worldwide. Schools play a crucial role in promoting active lifestyles through structured physical education (PE) programs. This study examines the impact of physical education on physical activity engagement, physical fitness, and health outcomes among adolescents. Using an empirical and analytical approach, the study evaluates the relationship between participation in school-based physical education and various health indicators, including cardiovascular fitness, body composition, mental well-being, and lifestyle behaviors. Secondary data from international and national reports, peer-reviewed studies, and health surveys published up to 2025 have been analyzed. The findings indicate that regular participation in physical education significantly enhances physical activity levels, improves fitness parameters, reduces obesity risk, and contributes to better psychological well-being among adolescents. The study highlights the importance of strengthening physical education programs within educational institutions to support holistic adolescent development
RECENT ADVANCES IN COUMARIN DERIVATIVES FOR DRUG DISCOVERY: BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES, MOLECULAR MECHANISMS, AND THERAPEUTIC PROSPECTS
Coumarins represent a significant class of naturally occurring and synthetic heterocyclic compounds possessing diverse pharmacological activities. Owing to their structural versatility and favorable pharmacokinetic properties, coumarin derivatives have emerged as promising candidates in contemporary drug discovery and development. Recent investigations have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of coumarin-based compounds against various diseases including cancer, microbial infections, inflammatory disorders, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and viral infections. The advancement of medicinal chemistry, molecular docking, computational drug design, and structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies has further accelerated the development of novel coumarin derivatives with enhanced biological efficacy and reduced toxicity. This review critically examines recent developments in coumarin chemistry, biological activities, molecular mechanisms of action, synthetic strategies, and therapeutic applications reported up to 2025. Additionally, future prospects and challenges associated with coumarin-based drug discovery are discussed.
HYDROGEOMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND LANDSCAPE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOKTAK BASIN, NORTHEAST INDIA: A GIS AND REMOTE SENSING-BASED ANALYTICAL STUDY
The Loktak Basin, located in the state of Manipur, Northeast India, is one of the most ecologically significant wetland systems in South Asia. The basin encompasses the Loktak Lake, recognized as a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance, and supports a diverse range of hydrological, ecological, and socio-economic functions. Rapid land use changes, increasing anthropogenic pressure, watershed degradation, and climatic variability have significantly influenced the hydrogeomorphological characteristics and landscape development of the basin during the past two decades. The present study analyzes the hydrogeomorphological characteristics and landscape evolution of the Loktak Basin using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques. Multi-temporal satellite imagery, Digital Elevation Models (DEM), morphometric analysis, drainage characterization, and land use-land cover assessments are employed to understand spatial and temporal changes from 2000 to 2025. The findings reveal significant transformations in wetland morphology, drainage dynamics, landscape fragmentation, and watershed conditions. The study emphasizes the need for integrated watershed management and sustainable conservation strategies for preserving the ecological integrity of the Loktak Basin.
RECLAIMING FEMALE VOICES: FEMINIST REINTERPRETATIONS OF MYTHOLOGICAL HEROINES IN CONTEMPORARY INDIAN ENGLISH LITERATURE
Contemporary Indian English literature has witnessed a remarkable resurgence of mythological retellings that challenge patriarchal narratives and foreground women's experiences. Traditional mythological texts often portray female characters through male-centric perspectives, limiting their agency and voice. However, contemporary women writers have revisited these narratives to reclaim female subjectivity, autonomy, and resistance. This paper examines feminist reinterpretations of mythological heroines in contemporary Indian English literature, focusing on selected works by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, Kavita Kane, Volga, and other contemporary authors. Through feminist literary criticism, the study explores how these writers reconstruct mythological women such as Draupadi, Sita, Urmila, Ahalya, and Uruvi as autonomous individuals rather than passive figures. The analysis reveals that feminist retellings challenge patriarchal structures, redefine gender identities, and create alternative narratives that resonate with contemporary feminist discourse. The study contributes to the growing scholarship on myth, gender, and literary revisionism in Indian English literature.
ई-लर्निंग और शैक्षिक प्रभावशीलता: भारतीय उच्च शिक्षा के संदर्भ में शिक्षण गुणवत्ता, छात्र सहभागिता एवं अधिगम परिणामों का एक अनुभवजन्य अध्ययन
डिजिटल प्रौद्योगिकी के तीव्र विकास ने शिक्षा के स्वरूप को व्यापक रूप से परिवर्तित किया है। ई-लर्निंग (E-Learning) आधुनिक शिक्षा व्यवस्था का एक महत्वपूर्ण घटक बनकर उभरा है, जिसने शिक्षण-अधिगम प्रक्रिया को अधिक लचीला, सुलभ एवं शिक्षार्थी-केंद्रित बनाया है। विशेष रूप से कोविड-19 महामारी के बाद भारत में उच्च शिक्षा संस्थानों द्वारा ई-लर्निंग प्लेटफॉर्मों का व्यापक उपयोग किया गया, जिससे शिक्षण की निरंतरता बनाए रखने में सहायता मिली। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का उद्देश्य भारतीय उच्च शिक्षा के संदर्भ में ई-लर्निंग की प्रभावशीलता का मूल्यांकन करना है। अध्ययन में शिक्षण गुणवत्ता, छात्र सहभागिता एवं अधिगम परिणामों पर ई-लर्निंग के प्रभाव का विश्लेषण किया गया है। शोध में द्वितीयक आंकड़ों, समकालीन साहित्य तथा नीतिगत दस्तावेजों के आधार पर विश्लेषणात्मक दृष्टिकोण अपनाया गया है। निष्कर्षों से स्पष्ट होता है कि ई-लर्निंग शिक्षण की गुणवत्ता में सुधार, छात्र सहभागिता में वृद्धि तथा अधिगम परिणामों को बेहतर बनाने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती है। साथ ही डिजिटल विभाजन, तकनीकी अवसंरचना की कमी तथा डिजिटल साक्षरता जैसी चुनौतियाँ भी सामने आती हैं।
सोशल मीडिया, राजनीतिक जागरूकता और युवा सहभागिता: भारतीय युवाओं के राजनीतिक व्यवहार का एक अनुभवजन्य एवं विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन
वर्तमान डिजिटल युग में सोशल मीडिया राजनीतिक संचार, जनमत निर्माण और लोकतांत्रिक सहभागिता का एक महत्वपूर्ण माध्यम बन चुका है। भारत विश्व का सबसे बड़ा लोकतांत्रिक राष्ट्र होने के साथ-साथ युवाओं की सबसे बड़ी आबादी वाले देशों में से एक है। फेसबुक, इंस्टाग्राम, एक्स (पूर्व में ट्विटर), यूट्यूब, व्हाट्सएप तथा टेलीग्राम जैसे सोशल मीडिया प्लेटफॉर्म युवाओं के राजनीतिक दृष्टिकोण, जागरूकता तथा सहभागिता को प्रभावित कर रहे हैं। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का उद्देश्य भारतीय युवाओं की राजनीतिक जागरूकता, नागरिक सहभागिता तथा राजनीतिक व्यवहार पर सोशल मीडिया के प्रभाव का विश्लेषण करना है। अध्ययन में यह पाया गया कि सोशल मीडिया राजनीतिक जानकारी प्राप्त करने, राजनीतिक विचारों के आदान-प्रदान तथा लोकतांत्रिक प्रक्रियाओं में भागीदारी को बढ़ावा देता है। हालांकि, फेक न्यूज़, दुष्प्रचार, राजनीतिक ध्रुवीकरण तथा सूचना की विश्वसनीयता जैसी चुनौतियाँ भी सामने आती हैं।
CHANGING DYNAMICS OF COALITION POLITICS AND NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL ADAPTATION AND GOVERNANCE
Coalition politics has emerged as one of the most significant features of India's democratic evolution since the late twentieth century. The rise of regional parties, social diversification, electoral fragmentation, and changing voter preferences have transformed the nature of governance and political competition. Coalition governments have compelled national political parties to adapt their ideological positions, electoral strategies, leadership styles, and governance approaches. This study critically examines the changing dynamics of coalition politics in India and analyzes its influence on the behavior and transformation of national political parties. Using a qualitative and analytical methodology, the paper explores the evolution of coalition politics from the post-independence era to contemporary political developments up to 2025. The study highlights how coalition politics has reshaped party systems, federal relations, policy-making processes, and governance structures. Findings indicate that coalition politics has strengthened democratic representation and federalism while simultaneously creating challenges related to political stability, policy coherence, and accountability. The paper contributes to contemporary political science literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of political adaptation and governance under coalition arrangements.
EMPLOYEE–MANAGER RELATIONSHIP QUALITY AND ITS IMPACT ON QUALITY OF WORK LIFE, JOB SATISFACTION, AND EMPLOYEE WELL-BEING IN THE INDIAN BANKING SECTOR: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
The banking sector in India has undergone substantial transformation due to digitalization, regulatory reforms, increased competition, and evolving customer expectations. These changes have significantly influenced workplace dynamics and employee experiences. Among the various organizational factors affecting employee outcomes, the quality of employee–manager relationships has emerged as a critical determinant of quality of work life (QWL), job satisfaction, employee engagement, and overall well-being. This study investigates the influence of employee–manager relationship quality on employees' quality of work life, job satisfaction, and well-being in the Indian banking sector. The study adopts a quantitative and empirical approach based on Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory, Social Exchange Theory, and Organizational Support Theory. The findings suggest that positive employee–manager relationships significantly enhance employee motivation, workplace satisfaction, psychological well-being, and organizational commitment. The study further highlights the role of managerial support, trust, communication, and recognition in improving employee outcomes. The research contributes to Human Resource Management (HRM) literature and provides practical implications for banking institutions seeking to improve workforce productivity and employee retention
ई-लर्निंग और शैक्षिक प्रभावशीलता: भारतीय उच्च शिक्षा के संदर्भ में एक अनुभवजन्य एवं विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन
वर्तमान डिजिटल युग में सूचना एवं संचार प्रौद्योगिकी (ICT) ने शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में क्रांतिकारी परिवर्तन किए हैं। ई-लर्निंग (E-Learning) शिक्षा प्रदान करने का एक प्रभावी माध्यम बनकर उभरा है, जिसने शिक्षण-अधिगम प्रक्रिया को अधिक सुलभ, लचीला और विद्यार्थी-केंद्रित बनाया है। विशेष रूप से कोविड-19 महामारी के दौरान ई-लर्निंग ने भारतीय उच्च शिक्षा प्रणाली को निरंतर बनाए रखने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन का उद्देश्य भारतीय उच्च शिक्षा के संदर्भ में ई-लर्निंग के शैक्षिक प्रभावों, छात्र सहभागिता, अधिगम परिणामों तथा शिक्षण प्रभावशीलता का विश्लेषण करना है। अध्ययन में ई-लर्निंग के लाभ, चुनौतियाँ, अवसर एवं सीमाओं का समालोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन किया गया है। निष्कर्षों से ज्ञात होता है कि ई-लर्निंग उच्च शिक्षा की गुणवत्ता सुधारने में महत्वपूर्ण योगदान दे रहा है, हालांकि तकनीकी अवसंरचना, डिजिटल विभाजन तथा शिक्षकों एवं विद्यार्थियों की डिजिटल दक्षता जैसी चुनौतियाँ अभी भी विद्यमान हैं।